Obtaining Spanish citizenship typically involves first acquiring a residence permit or visa, which allows you to live in Spain legally. There are several types of visas that can lead to citizenship, each with its own requirements and processes. Below is a detailed overview of the main types of visas relevant for those seeking Spanish citizenship.

Residence Visa

A residence visa is essential for non-EU citizens who wish to live in Spain for more than 90 days. This visa can be temporary or permanent, depending on your circumstances.

Temporary Residence Visa: This visa allows you to stay in Spain for a period exceeding 90 days but less than five years. It is usually granted for specific purposes such as work, study, or family reunification. Temporary residence permits can be renewed periodically.

Permanent Residence Visa: After residing in Spain continuously for five years on a temporary residence permit, you may apply for permanent residency. This status allows you to live and work in Spain indefinitely under the same conditions as Spanish citizens.

Work Visa

If you plan to work in Spain, obtaining a work visa is necessary. There are different categories based on employment type:

1. Employee Work Visa: For individuals who have secured a job offer from a Spanish employer. The employer must demonstrate that no suitable candidate from the EU was available for the position.
2. Self-Employed Work Visa: For those wishing to start their own business or work as freelancers in Spain. Applicants must present a viable business plan and proof of sufficient financial means.

Student Visa

A student visa allows foreign nationals to reside in Spain while pursuing educational opportunities at recognized institutions. This visa is typically valid for the duration of the study program and can be extended if necessary.

After completing studies, students may apply for a post-study work permit, allowing them to remain in Spain and seek employment related to their field of study.

Family Reunification Visa

This visa enables family members of legal residents or Spanish citizens to join them in Spain. Eligible family members include spouses, children under 18, and dependent parents.

To apply, the resident must demonstrate sufficient financial resources and adequate housing for their family members.

Golden Visa

The Golden Visa program offers residency permits to individuals who invest significantly in Spain (typically through real estate purchases). This option is particularly attractive for investors looking for residency without needing to reside continuously in Spain.

The minimum investment amount varies depending on the type of investment (e.g., €500,000 in real estate). Holders of Golden Visas can apply for permanent residency after five years and citizenship after ten years of legal residency.

Citizenship Application Process

• Once you have held legal residency (temporary or permanent) for the required period—usually ten years—you can apply for Spanish citizenship through naturalization:
• You will need to provide documentation proving your residency status, integration into Spanish society (such as language proficiency), and knowledge of Spanish culture and history.
• Additionally, applicants must not have any criminal record within Spain or other countries where they have resided during this period.

In summary, obtaining Spanish citizenship generally requires first securing an appropriate residence visa followed by fulfilling residency requirements over time before applying for citizenship itself.

For more enquiries on a Spain citizenship visa, book a consultation with a consultant with e-lhr